CO2 at a glaNce
Trading (ETS)
of emission allowances for energy and industry installations and fuels in the EU Emission Trading System (ETS)
Adjustment (CBAM)
via a compulsory CO2 levy on imported goods in the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
Avoidance (CCfD)
through support for emissions avoidance costs through Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfD)
Reduction (GHG-quota)
through certified emissions savings counted for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions quotas for fuels
Compensation (VCM)
of unavoidable emissions via emission credits from voluntary carbon markets (VCM)
Removal (CDR)
as certified and tradable negative emissions through carbon dioxide removals (CDR)
Utilization (CCU)
with CO2 as a tradable raw material for carbon-based products through carbon capture and utilization (CCU)
Storage (CCS)
requiring the trading of transportation and storage capacities for carbon capture and storage (CCS)
